James Webb Space Telescope images: 12 astonishing views of our universe (gallery)

On Sept. 26, 2022, NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) smashed a probe into an asteroid moonlet called Dimorphos to shift the space rock’s orbit. Dimorphos is part of a binary system that includes the larger space rock Didymos.

JWST watched the action unfold and captured a series of images showing how the Didymos-Dimorphos asteroid system brightened after the DART spacecraft hit the harmless moonlet.

JWST1 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; J. DePasquale, A. Koekemoer, A. Pagan (STScI).)

NASA’s $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) launched on Dec. 25, 2021, from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. Since it arrived at its new cosmic home, Lagrange Point 2, on Jan. 24, 2022, the infrared observatory has been busy sharing some truly breathtaking views of the cosmos.

JWST, the largest and most powerful space telescope to date, released its first scientific images on July 12, 2022, but it didn’t stop there.

The next-generation observatory continues to beam back jaw-dropping images. We explore some of the best of them here. You can scroll through the gallery using the navigation arrows above.

When JWST turned its attention to the iconic Pillars of Creation, the observatory showed the famous dust clouds in remarkable detail. Located in the constellation Serpens, approximately 7,000 light-years from Earth, the Pillars of Creation are part of the Eagle Nebula.

The vast clouds of gas and dust were famously photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, bringing their remarkable beauty to light. The new photograph obtained by JWST reveals the pillars in even more detail and clarity. Hundreds of previously invisible stars shine throughout the image, some born only a few hundred thousand years ago.

JWST2 — (Image credit: NASA/ESA /CSA /Ryan Lau /JWST ERS Team /Judy Schmidt)

Here, JWST has captured mysterious concentric rings surrounding a distant star that have scientists rather baffled. The star at the center of the image is known as WR140, a Wolf-Rayet star that has ejected most of its hydrogen into space and is surrounded by dust.

Mark McCaughrean, an interdisciplinary scientist in the JWST Science Working Group and a science advisor to the European Space Agency, called the feature “bonkers” in a Twitter thread (opens in new tab).

“The six-pointed blue structure is an artifact due to optical diffraction from the bright star WR140 in this #JWST MIRI image,” he wrote. “But red curvy-yet-boxy stuff is real, a series of shells around WR140. Actually in space. Around a star.”

JWST3 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI, Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI))

In this image, which was released on Nov. 16, 2022, a fiery cosmic hourglass conceals a fledgling star, or protostar, at its heart. The blazing scene had been hidden from telescopes by a dense, dark cloud of gas and dust known as L1527 and is only visible in infrared light. The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) aboard JWST revealed the formation within the Taurus star-forming region in all its glory.

JWST4 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. Labbe (Swinburne University of Technology), R. Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh), A. Pagan (STScI))

Pandora’s Cluster, located around 3.5 billion light-years away, shines in unprecedented detail in this image captured by the JWSTs powerful Near-Infrared Camera (opens in new tab) (NIRCam) and the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (opens in new tab) (NIRSpec) instruments as part of the Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER (opens in new tab)) program. This created one panoramic image featuring a stunning 50,000 sources of infrared light.

JWST5 — (Image credit: NASA/ESA/CSASTScI)

JWST’s first image of Neptune shows the ice giant in spectacular detail — rings and all! The image gave astronomers the best look at Neptune in 32 years, since NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft flew past during its journey out of the solar system.

The bright patches in Neptune’s southern hemisphere are high-altitude ice clouds reflecting sunlight before the methane in the clouds absorbs it.

JWST6 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, Jian-Yang Li (PSI); image processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI))

JWST watched the action unfold and captured a series of images showing how the Didymos-Dimorphos asteroid system brightened after the DART spacecraft hit the harmless moonlet.

JWST7 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team)

In this captivating image, never-before-seen young stars in the Tarantula Nebula, formally named 30 Doradus, are revealed for the first time. JWST’s high-resolution infrared camera shows the stellar nursery in exquisite detail, as well as distant background galaxies.

The Tarantula Nebula is located approximately 161,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is of interest to astronomers studying star formation because the nebula has a similar chemical composition to star-forming regions from when the cosmos was just a few billion years old. The Tarantula Nebula gives astronomers a unique view into how stars formed in the relatively early universe.

JWST8 — (Image credit: NASA/ESA/CSA/Judy Schmidt)

This JWST image of the Phantom Galaxy, formally known as NGC 628 or Messier 74, is dubbed the “perfect spiral” by some astronomers because the galaxy is so symmetrical.

The image was processed by Judy Schmidt using data JWST collected with its mid-infrared instrument (MIRI). The galaxy has been imaged multiple times before, using equipment like the Hubble Space Telescope and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), but this JWST image shows the galaxy in a whole new light.

JWST9 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. LABBE)

JWST surprised scientists when it captured these images of six mature galaxies. The small reddish dots are galaxies from our universe’s infancy, just 500 to 700 million years after the Big Bang. While such galaxies are not themselves surprising, astronomers found them to be shockingly big and the stars in them too old. The findings conflict with existing ideas of how the universe looked and evolved in its early years, and don’t match earlier observations made by Webb’s less powerful predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope.

JWST10 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Ricardo Hueso (UPV/EHU) and Judy Schmidt.)

When JWST set its sights on a target a little closer to home, astronomers were delighted with the results. This composite image of Jupiter was captured with the observatory’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and shows the Jovian system in spectacular detail.

Here you can see beautiful auroras surrounding the poles and faint rings circling the gas giant. Two of Jupiter’s moons are also visible: Amalthea is the bright dot on the far left, while Adrastea is the faint dot at the edge of the rings, between Amalthea and Jupiter.

JWST11 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Kristen McQuinn (Rutgers University)/Alyssa Pagan (STScI) and Zolt Levay (STScI))

This star-studded image of a lonely dwarf galaxy named Wolf-Lunmark-Melotte (WLM) was captured by JWST’s Near-Infrared Camera. WLM is an intriguing target for astronomers because it’s one of the most remote members of the local galaxy group, which also contains our Milky Way.

Due to its isolated nature, WLM is unlikely to have interacted with other systems, making it a prime target for astronomers wanting to study and test theories of galaxy formation and evolution.

JWST12 — (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Webb Titan GTO Team/Alyssa Pagan (STScI))

JWST thrilled the scientific community once again when it turned its attention to Titan, the largest moon of Saturn. The observatory managed to capture Titan’s thick methane clouds during observations on Nov. 4, 2022. One of the clouds (Cloud A) is located above Kraken Mare, the largest of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas.

The scene was then observed a few days later by the Keck Observatory in Hawaii to understand how the clouds changed over time.

Source: Space.com